The earliest known Western shorthand system was that employed by the Greek historian Xenophon in the memoir of Socrates, and it was called notae socratae. Additionally, in this period shorthand entered general usage. Scribal abbreviations were infrequent when writing materials were plentiful, but by the 3rd and 4th centuries AD, writing materials were scarce and costly.ĭuring the Roman Republic, several abbreviations, known as sigla (plural of siglum 'symbol or abbreviation'), were in common use in inscriptions, and they increased in number during the Roman Empire. Thus, lapidaries, engravers, and copyists made the most of the available writing space. variations in text between different such manuscripts) and to identify the copyists of a work.Ībbreviated writing, using sigla, arose partly from the limitations of the workable nature of the materials ( stone, metal, parchment, etc.) employed in record-making and partly from their availability. In modern manuscript editing (substantive and mechanical) sigla are the symbols used to indicate the source manuscript (e.g. Scribal abbreviations or sigla ( singular: siglum) are abbreviations used by ancient and medieval scribes writing in various languages, including Latin, Greek, Old English and Old Norse. Scribal abbreviation " iħm xp̄m ⁊ dm̄" for " ihesum christum et deum" in a manuscript of the Epistle to the Galatians
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